Credits and licences
This site is built on the following open resources. Many thanks to the people who create and maintain them.
JMdict
Readings, English meanings, parts of speech and example links come from the JMdict dictionary. The dictionary files are the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group (EDRDG) and are used in conformance with the Group's licence (CC BY-SA 4.0).
KANJIDIC2
Kanji on/kun readings, meanings and stroke counts come from KANJIDIC2 (EDRDG, CC BY-SA 4.0).
KanjiVG
Stroke-order diagrams use data from KanjiVG (Ulrich Apel, CC BY-SA 3.0). The stroke paths were extracted and restyled for display.
Tatoeba
Example sentences come from Tatoeba (via JMdict example links, Tanaka Corpus) under CC BY 2.0 FR. Each sentence links to its Tatoeba page, which lists the author and history.
N5 and N4 word lists
The N5 and N4 word lists are from open-anki-jlpt-decks (Jamie Sinclair, MIT), based on Jonathan Waller's tanos.co.uk lists (CC BY). It is not an official JLPT list (none has been published since 2010).
Mongolian translations
Mongolian meanings are AI-generated drafts under human review; entries marked "unverified" may contain mistakes. Words without a Mongolian translation fall back to English. As a derivative of JMdict they are also CC BY-SA 4.0.
JLPT
JLPT (日本語能力試験) is administered by the Japan Foundation and JEES. This site is not affiliated with them and contains no official test questions or audio; "N5" only refers to the level.